Static Transfer Switches
Static switches for automatic and instantaneous switching of power sources without interruption of supply.
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What is a Static Transfer Switch (STS)?
A static transfer switch (STS) is an electronic device designed to automatically switch an electrical load between two independent power sources in an extremely short period of time – typically 4–10 milliseconds. The STS uses semiconductor switches (thyristor or IGBT), which allow for almost zero voltage drop when switching. The switch continuously monitors the parameters of both power sources – voltage, frequency and phase – and automatically switches to the backup source if a failure is detected in the main power line.
Main types of static transfer switches
Static transfer switches are classified according to several criteria: Single-phase STS – designed to protect individual circuits or smaller equipment, most often used in computer and telecommunications equipment. Three-phase STS – used for heavy loads and industrial equipment, data centers and hospitals. Modular STS – provides flexibility in developing infrastructure, allows you to add additional modules without interrupting work. Rack STS – compact design switches designed to be integrated into server cabinets and data centers.
How does a static transfer switch work?
The STS continuously monitors both the main and backup power sources. If the main line voltage drops or other power quality problems are detected, the STS automatically switches the load to the backup line within milliseconds – this happens so quickly that the connected equipment often does not even notice the interruption. When the main line returns to normal operation, the STS can automatically or manually switch the load back. The speed of the switch is critical – especially for sensitive equipment such as servers and medical devices.
Advantages and application areas of static transfer switches
STS are used in all areas where uninterrupted power supply is critical. In data centers, STS protect servers and storage arrays from power supply failures, reducing the risk of downtime. In medical institutions, switches ensure the uninterrupted operation of life-support equipment. In telecommunications companies, STS protect network equipment and base stations. In industrial environments, switches protect automatic control systems and production lines. In the financial sector, STS helps prevent data loss and financial losses due to power supply interruptions.
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